DIY Game Console Using OLED Display and NodeMCU/Arduino UNO

Have you ever wondered if you could create your own handheld game console? In this project, I built a compact and functional game console using a 0.96-inch OLED display and a NodeMCU or Arduino UNO. This console is not only a fun project but also a great way to dive into game development and hardware programming.

Project Highlights

Hardware Features:
- Display: A crisp, 0.96-inch OLED display that brings the game graphics to life.
- Controller: Designed with buttons for user input, providing a classic gaming feel.
- Microcontroller: Choose between NodeMCU for Wi-Fi capabilities or Arduino UNO for a simpler setup.
Software Development:
- Programmed with libraries for handling the OLED display and managing game logic.
- Simple, retro-style games developed to showcase the console's capabilities.
Applications:

Learn about display handling, game logic, and embedded systems.
Expandable to include more games or additional features.

Challenges and Learnings

During this project, I explored handling small displays, optimizing microcontroller performance, and balancing functionality with hardware constraints. It’s a rewarding experience for anyone interested in IoT, game development, or Arduino programming.

Why You Should Try It

This project is perfect for hobbyists, makers, or students wanting to combine creativity and technology. With affordable components and endless customization options, you can make it uniquely yours.

Components Required

NodeMCU or Arduino UNO Microcontroller
4 Push Buttons
Tools like Soldering Iron, Hot Glue Gun
OLED 0.96 inch I2C Display

Circuit diagram

This is Circuit Diagram for this project, I used TinkerCAD to make this diagram, so SSD1306 OLED Display was not available, that's why I used 16x2 i2c Display, because these both display is using same communication method which is I2C communication.
So you can replace 16x2 display connections with your 0.96 inch OLED Display.

Upload the Code

#define SSD1306_I2C_ADDRESS 0x3C

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

// OLED display size
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64
#define OLED_RESET -1  // Reset pin not used

Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

// Button pins
#define UP_BUTTON 00
#define LEFT_BUTTON 14
#define DOWN_BUTTON 13
#define RIGHT_BUTTON 12

// Snake parameters
#define MAX_LENGTH 100
int snakeX[MAX_LENGTH];
int snakeY[MAX_LENGTH];
int snakeLength = 5;
int foodX, foodY;

// Movement direction
int directionX = 1;
int directionY = 0;

// Game state
bool gameOver = false;

// Debounce variables
unsigned long lastDebounceTime = 0;
const unsigned long debounceDelay = 50; // 50ms debounce delay

void setup() {
  // Initialize buttons as inputs with internal pull-up resistors
  pinMode(UP_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(LEFT_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(DOWN_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(RIGHT_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);

  // Initialize display
  if (!display.begin(SSD1306_I2C_ADDRESS, 0x3C)) {
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
    for (;;);
  }
  display.clearDisplay();

  // Initialize snake position
  for (int i = 0; i < snakeLength; i++) {
    snakeX[i] = 64 - i;
    snakeY[i] = 32;
  }

  // Place initial food
  placeFood();
}

void loop() {
  if (gameOver) {
    showGameOver();
    return;
  }

  // Handle button presses with debounce
  handleButtonPress();

  // Move the snake
  moveSnake();

  // Check for collisions
  checkCollision();

  // Update display
  drawGame();

  // Delay for game speed
  delay(200);
}

void placeFood() {
  foodX = random(0, SCREEN_WIDTH / 4) * 4;
  foodY = random(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT / 4) * 4;
}

void moveSnake() {
  // Move body
  for (int i = snakeLength - 1; i > 0; i--) {
    snakeX[i] = snakeX[i - 1];
    snakeY[i] = snakeY[i - 1];
  }

  // Move head
  snakeX[0] += directionX * 4;
  snakeY[0] += directionY * 4;

  // Check if food is eaten
  if (snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY) {
    if (snakeLength < MAX_LENGTH) {
      snakeLength++;
    }
    placeFood();
  }
}

void checkCollision() {
  // Check wall collision
  if (snakeX[0] < 0 || snakeX[0] >= SCREEN_WIDTH || snakeY[0] < 0 || snakeY[0] >= SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
    gameOver = true;
  }

  // Check self-collision
  for (int i = 1; i < snakeLength; i++) {
    if (snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]) {
      gameOver = true;
      break;
    }
  }
}

void handleButtonPress() {
  unsigned long currentTime = millis();

  // Check UP button
  if (digitalRead(UP_BUTTON) == LOW && currentTime - lastDebounceTime > debounceDelay && directionY == 0) {
    directionX = 0;
    directionY = -1;
    lastDebounceTime = currentTime;
    
  }
  // Check LEFT button
  else if (digitalRead(LEFT_BUTTON) == LOW && currentTime - lastDebounceTime > debounceDelay && directionX == 0) {
    directionX = -1;
    directionY = 0;
    lastDebounceTime = currentTime;
  }
  // Check DOWN button
  else if (digitalRead(DOWN_BUTTON) == LOW && currentTime - lastDebounceTime > debounceDelay && directionY == 0) {
    directionX = 0;
    directionY = 1;
    lastDebounceTime = currentTime;
  }
  // Check RIGHT button
  else if (digitalRead(RIGHT_BUTTON) == LOW && currentTime - lastDebounceTime > debounceDelay && directionX == 0) {
    directionX = 1;
    directionY = 0;
    lastDebounceTime = currentTime;
  }

  else {
    pinMode(UP_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
  }
}

void drawGame() {
  display.clearDisplay();

  // Draw the snake
  for (int i = 0; i < snakeLength; i++) {
    display.fillRect(snakeX[i], snakeY[i], 4, 4, SSD1306_WHITE);
  }

  // Draw the food
  display.fillRect(foodX, foodY, 4, 4, SSD1306_WHITE);

  // Show the updated screen
  display.display();
}

void showGameOver() {
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);
  display.setCursor(10, 25);
  display.println("Game Over!");
  display.display();
  while (true); // Stop the game
}

This is the code you can copy and paste if you used same button and display connections. If you changed the pin connection, you can change this code from line 14 - 18

// Button pins
#define UP_BUTTON 00
#define LEFT_BUTTON 14
#define DOWN_BUTTON 13
#define RIGHT_BUTTON 12

YOU CAN WATCH THIS VIDEO -

https://youtu.be/cTQhhXtyOdo

This project showcases how simple components like an OLED display and a microcontroller can come together to create something amazing. The possibilities are endless, and the journey of learning and building is the most exciting part. Happy making!

Adding Sound and Music to Pygame Games

Introduction

Sound and music can greatly enhance the user experience in Pygame games. They can create atmosphere, provide feedback, and even affect gameplay. In this tutorial, we'll show you how to add sound effects and music to your Pygame games.

Uses of Sound and Music

There are many ways to use sound and music in Pygame games. Here are a few examples:

Sound effects: Sound effects can be used to provide feedback to the player, such as when a character jumps, shoots, or gets hit. They can also be used to create atmosphere, such as the sound of rain or wind.
Music: Music can be used to create atmosphere and set the mood for the game. It can also be used to provide a sense of urgency or excitement.

Requirements

To add sound and music to your Pygame games, you will need the following:

A sound file in a supported format, such as WAV or OGG.
The Pygame library.

Adding Sound Effects

To add a sound effect to your game, you can use the pygame.mixer.Sound() function. This function takes the path to a sound file as its argument. Once you have created a Sound object, you can play it using the play() method.


import pygame

# Create a Sound object
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('sound.wav')

# Play the sound
sound.play()

Adding Music

To add music to your game, you can use the pygame.mixer.music.load() function. This function takes the path to a music file as its argument. Once you have loaded a music file, you can play it using the play() method.


import pygame

# Load a music file
pygame.mixer.music.load('music.ogg')

# Play the music
pygame.mixer.music.play()

Conclusion

Adding sound and music to your Pygame games is a great way to enhance the user experience. By following the steps outlined in this tutorial, you can easily add sound effects and music to your games.

```

**Adding Sound and Music to Pygame Games** Sound and music can greatly enhance the user experience in Pygame games. They can create atmosphere, provide feedback, and even affect gameplay. In this tutorial, we'll show you how to add sound effects and music to your Pygame games. To add sound effects, you can use the `pygame.mixer.Sound()` function. This function takes the path to a sound file as its argument. Once you have created a `Sound` object, you can play it using the `play()` method. To add music, you can use the `pygame.mixer.music.load()` function. This function takes the path to a music file as its argument. Once you have loaded a music file, you can play it using the `play()` method. Adding sound and music to your Pygame games is a great way to enhance the user experience. By following the steps outlined in this tutorial, you can easily add sound effects and music to your games.

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Saturday, 4 January 2025

DIY Game Console Using SSD1306 OLED Display and NodeMCU/Arduino UNO